Which ADHD Medication Is Right For Me?
How to make sense of all the ADHD medication options Types of ADHD Medication ADHD medications fall into two main categories: stimulants and non-stimulants. Each type works differently, and the choice between them depends on individual symptoms, response to the medication, and any co-existing conditions.
- Non-Stimulants
How They Work: Non-stimulant medications are an alternative for individuals who do not respond well to stimulants or experience significant side effects. These medications often work by affecting norepinephrine levels in the brain or by regulating other neurotransmitters differently than stimulants.
Pros: Non-stimulants can be a good option for those who cannot take stimulants due to side effects or specific health conditions. They may also have a longer duration of action, which can be beneficial for all-day symptom control.
Cons: Non-stimulants may take longer to show effects, often requiring several weeks to determine their full impact. They might also have their own side effects, such as fatigue or mood changes.
Click on the medication names below to learn more
Non-stimulants
- atomoxetine (Strattera) - coupon link
- guanfacine (Intuniv XR) - coupon link
- viloxazine (Qelbree) - coupon link
- clonidine ER (Kapvay) - coupon link
- Stimulants
How They Work: Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD. Despite the name, they don’t increase general stimulation. Instead, they enhance the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, which play key roles in attention and impulse control.
Pros: Stimulants tend to work quickly, often showing effectiveness within 30 minutes to an hour, and are well-researched with a long history of use. They can significantly improve attention, focus, and self-control.
Cons: Some people experience side effects such as insomnia, decreased appetite, or increased heart rate. Additionally, stimulants may not be suitable for individuals with certain health conditions, such as heart problems or a history of substance misuse. It might take time to find the right medication and dosage, as responses can vary.
Click on the medication names below to learn more
Short and intermediate-acting stimulants
- dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) - coupon link
- methylphenidate (Ritalin - coupon link
- amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Adderall) - coupon link
- amphetamine (Evekeo, Evekeo ODT) - coupon link
- dextroamphetamine (ProCentra, Zenzedi) - coupon link
- methamphetamine (Desoxyn) - coupon link
Long-acting stimulants
- lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) - coupon link
- dexmethylphenidate (Focalin XR) - coupon link
- amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Adderall XR, Mydayis) - coupon link
- methylphenidate (Adhansia XR, Aptensio XR, Concerta,Daytrana, QuilliChew ER, Quillivant XR, Ritalin LA - coupon link
- dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Dexedrine Spansules, and Xelstrym) - coupon link
Common side effects of stimulants include:
- Feeling restless and jittery
- Difficulty sleeping
- Loss of appetite
- Headaches
- Upset stomach
- Irritability, mood swings
- Depression
- Dizziness
- Racing heartbeat
- Tics
Stimulant medication safety concerns Beyond the potential side effects, there are a number of safety concerns associated with the use of stimulant medications for ADHD.
Effect on the developing brain. The long-term impact of ADHD medication on the youthful, developing brain is not yet known. Some researchers are concerned that the use of stimulant drugs in children and teens might interfere with normal brain development.
Heart-related problems. ADHD stimulant medications have been found to cause sudden death in children and adults with heart conditions. The American Heart Association recommends that all individuals, including children, have a cardiac evaluation prior to starting a stimulant. An electrocardiogram is recommended if the person has a history of heart problems.
Psychiatric problems. Stimulants for ADHD can trigger or exacerbate symptoms of hostility, aggression, anxiety, depression, and paranoia. People with a personal or family history of suicide, depression, or bipolar disorder are at a particularly high risk, and should be carefully monitored when taking stimulants.
Potential for abuse. Stimulant abuse is a growing problem, particularly among teens and young adults. College students take this medication for a boost when cramming for exams or pulling all-nighters. Others abuse stimulant meds for their weight-loss properties. If your child is taking stimulants, make sure they aren’t sharing the pills or selling them.
ADHD stimulants are not recommended for those with:
- Any type of heart defect or disease
- High blood pressure
- Hyperthyroidism
- Glaucoma
- High levels of anxiety
- A history of drug abuse
What is the best medication for ADHD and depression?
Some antidepressants, such as imipramine, desipramine, and bupropion have been effective in treating major depression, anxiety disorders, and ADHD in adults (NIH).
What medication is good for ADHD and anxiety?
Non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine can be beneficial for those with both ADHD and anxiety. These medications work to regulate hormones in the brain associated with stress and anxiety, as well as increase alertness and focus.
Deciding whether or not to take ADHD medication
Even when armed with all the facts, deciding whether or not to take ADD/ADHD medication isn’t always easy. If you’re unsure, don’t rush the decision. Take your time to weigh the options. And if the medication is for your child, be sure to get their input in the decision-making process.
Most importantly, trust your instincts and do what feels right to you. Don’t let anyone—be it your physician, other parents, or the principal at your child’s school—pressure your child into medication if you’re not comfortable with it. Remember: medication isn’t the only treatment option.
For young children especially, it can help to view medication as a last resort, rather than the first course of treatment to try.